Companies begin by verifying the presence of species identified in the IBAT Species Report (estimated STAR). This involves:

• Using Area of Habitat (AoH) maps from the IUCN Red List to identify likely species presence
• Consulting experts and stakeholders, including:
  • IUCN Red List reviewers and SSC Specialist Groups
  • NGOs such as BirdLife International and WWF
  • Indigenous Peoples and local communities
  • Academic researchers and site managers
• Reviewing biodiversity databases, including GBIF, eBird, and iNaturalist
• Conducting targeted surveys using acoustic monitoring, camera traps, or eDNA sampling

Species must be regularly present at the site to be included in the calibrated STAR_T score. Historical presence may inform restoration opportunities via the STAR_R metric.

The next step is to validate the presence and significance of threats affecting these species. Threats are assessed using:

• Preliminary threat lists from IBAT, based on the IUCN Threats Classification Scheme
• Local knowledge and remote sensing tools, such as Global Forest Watch
• Specialist input to score threat scope and severity per species
• Databases on invasive species, including EICAT and the Global Invasive Species Database

Only threats that significantly impact species at the site are retained in the calibrated STAR_T score. A rule of thumb: threats affecting more than 5% of the site or occurring more than five times annually are considered significant.

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This step involves the entry of the updated species and threats presence data into the IBAT STAR Calibration portal.

• This produces an updated version of the IBAT Species Report (estimated STAR), now called IBAT Species Report (calibrated STAR), showing the calibrated values for threats for the site
• These values can be used in the next step to identify the most important threats to manage
• The results of this report meet the requirements for species of the TNFD E3 disclosure related to measuring changes to the state of nature and E4 disclosure which recommends assessing the severity of impact for materiality assessment

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